The Python standard library¶
This library reference manual describes the standard library distributed with Python. It also describes some of the optional components that are commonly included in Python distributions.
Elsewhere, Referencia del Lenguaje Python describes the exact syntax and semantics of the Python language, and Python built-ins reference describes the built-in functions.
Python’s standard library is extensive, offering a wide range of facilities as indicated by the long table of contents listed below. The library contains built-in modules (written in C) that provide access to system functionality such as file I/O that would otherwise be inaccessible to Python programmers, as well as modules written in Python that provide standardized solutions for many problems that occur in everyday programming. Some of these modules are explicitly designed to encourage and enhance the portability of Python programs by abstracting away platform-specifics into platform-neutral APIs.
Los instaladores de Python para la plataforma Windows frecuentemente incluyen la biblioteca estándar completa y suelen también incluir muchos componentes adicionales. Para los sistemas operativos tipo Unix Python suele ser provisto como una colección de paquetes, así que puede requerirse usar las herramientas de empaquetado disponibles en los sistemas operativos para obtener algunos o todos los componentes opcionales.
Además de la biblioteca estándar, existe un colección creciente de varios miles de componentes (abarcando módulos o programas individuales, paquetes o frameworks completos de desarrollo de aplicaciones), disponibles en el Python Package Index.
- Introducción
- Servicios de procesamiento de texto
string— Common string operationsstring.templatelib— Support for template string literalsre— Regular expression operationsdifflib— Helpers for computing deltastextwrap— Text wrapping and fillingunicodedata— Unicode Databasestringprep— Internet String Preparationreadline— GNU readline interfacerlcompleter— Completion function for GNU readline
- Servicios de datos binarios
- Tipos de datos
datetime— Basic date and time typeszoneinfo— IANA time zone supportcalendar— General calendar-related functionscollections— Container datatypescollections.abc— Abstract Base Classes for Containersheapq— Heap queue algorithmbisect— Array bisection algorithmarray— Efficient arrays of numeric valuesweakref— Weak referencestypes— Dynamic type creation and names for built-in typescopy— Shallow and deep copy operationspprint— Data pretty printerreprlib— Alternaterepr()implementationenum— Support for enumerationsgraphlib— Functionality to operate with graph-like structures
- Módulos numéricos y matemáticos
- Módulos de programación funcional
- Acceso a archivos y directorios
pathlib— Rutas de sistemas orientada a objetosos.path— Common pathname manipulationsstat— Interpretingstat()resultsfilecmp— File and Directory Comparisonstempfile— Generate temporary files and directoriesglob— Unix style pathname pattern expansionfnmatch— Unix filename pattern matchinglinecache— Random access to text linesshutil— High-level file operations
- Persistencia de datos
- Compresión de datos y archivado
- The
compressionpackage compression.zstd— Compression compatible with the Zstandard formatzlib— Compression compatible with gzipgzip— Support for gzip filesbz2— Support for bzip2 compressionlzma— Compression using the LZMA algorithmzipfile— Work with ZIP archivestarfile— Read and write tar archive files
- The
- Formatos de archivo
- Servicios criptográficos
- Servicios genéricos del sistema operativo
os— Interfaces misceláneas del sistema operativoio— Core tools for working with streamstime— Time access and conversionslogging— Logging facility for Pythonlogging.config— Logging configurationlogging.handlers— Logging handlersplatform— Access to underlying platform’s identifying dataerrno— Standard errno system symbolsctypes— A foreign function library for Python
- Command-line interface libraries
argparse— Parser for command-line options, arguments and subcommandsoptparse— Parser for command line optionsgetpass— Portable password inputfileinput— Iterate over lines from multiple input streamscurses— Terminal handling for character-cell displayscurses.textpad— Text input widget for curses programscurses.ascii— Utilities for ASCII characterscurses.panel— A panel stack extension for cursescmd— Support for line-oriented command interpreters
- Ejecución concurrente
threading— Thread-based parallelismmultiprocessing— Process-based parallelismmultiprocessing.shared_memory— Shared memory for direct access across processes- El paquete
concurrent concurrent.futures— Launching parallel tasksconcurrent.interpreters— Multiple interpreters in the same processsubprocess— Subprocess managementsched— Event schedulerqueue— A synchronized queue classcontextvars— Context Variables_thread— Low-level threading API
- Comunicación en redes y entre procesos
- Manejo de datos de internet
email— An email and MIME handling packagejson— JSON encoder and decodermailbox— Manipulate mailboxes in various formatsmimetypes— Map filenames to MIME typesbase64— Base16, Base32, Base64, Base85 Data Encodingsbinascii— Convert between binary and ASCIIquopri— Encode and decode MIME quoted-printable data
- Herramientas Para Procesar Formatos de Marcado Estructurado
html— HyperText Markup Language supporthtml.parser— Simple HTML and XHTML parserhtml.entities— Definitions of HTML general entities- Módulos de procesamiento XML
xml.etree.ElementTree— The ElementTree XML APIxml.dom— The Document Object Model APIxml.dom.minidom— Minimal DOM implementationxml.dom.pulldom— Support for building partial DOM treesxml.sax— Support for SAX2 parsersxml.sax.handler— Base classes for SAX handlersxml.sax.saxutils— SAX Utilitiesxml.sax.xmlreader— Interface for XML parsersxml.parsers.expat— Fast XML parsing using Expat
- Protocolos y soporte de Internet
webbrowser— Convenient web-browser controllerwsgiref— WSGI Utilities and Reference Implementationurllib— URL handling modulesurllib.request— Extensible library for opening URLsurllib.response— Response classes used by urlliburllib.parse— Parse URLs into componentsurllib.error— Exception classes raised by urllib.requesturllib.robotparser— Parser for robots.txthttp— HTTP moduleshttp.client— HTTP protocol clientftplib— FTP protocol clientpoplib— POP3 protocol clientimaplib— IMAP4 protocol clientsmtplib— SMTP protocol clientuuid— UUID objects according to RFC 9562socketserver— A framework for network servershttp.server— HTTP servershttp.cookies— HTTP state managementhttp.cookiejar— Cookie handling for HTTP clientsxmlrpc— Módulos XMLRPC para cliente y servidorxmlrpc.client— XML-RPC client accessxmlrpc.server— Basic XML-RPC serversipaddress— IPv4/IPv6 manipulation library
- Servicios Multimedia
- Internacionalización
- Graphical user interfaces with Tk
tkinter— Python interface to Tcl/Tktkinter.colorchooser— Color choosing dialogtkinter.font— Tkinter font wrapper- Tkinter dialogs
tkinter.messagebox— Tkinter message promptstkinter.scrolledtext— Scrolled text widgettkinter.dnd— Drag and drop supporttkinter.ttk— Tk themed widgets- IDLE — Python editor and shell
turtle— Turtle graphics
- Herramientas de desarrollo
typing— Support for type hintspydoc— Documentation generator and online help system- Modo de desarrollo de Python
doctest— Test interactive Python examplesunittest— Unit testing frameworkunittest.mock— mock object libraryunittest.mock— getting startedtest— Regression tests package for Pythontest.support— Utilities for the Python test suitetest.support.socket_helper— Utilities for socket teststest.support.script_helper— Utilities for the Python execution teststest.support.bytecode_helper— Support tools for testing correct bytecode generationtest.support.threading_helper— Utilities for threading teststest.support.os_helper— Utilities for os teststest.support.import_helper— Utilities for import teststest.support.warnings_helper— Utilities for warnings tests
- Depuración y perfilado
- Empaquetado y distribución de software
- Servicios en tiempo de ejecución de Python
sys— System-specific parameters and functionssys.monitoring— Execution event monitoringsysconfig— Provide access to Python’s configuration informationbuiltins— Built-in objects__main__— Top-level code environmentwarnings— Warning controldataclasses— Data Classescontextlib— Utilidades para declaraciones de contextowithabc— Abstract Base Classesatexit— Exit handlerstraceback— Print or retrieve a stack traceback__future__— Future statement definitionsgc— Garbage Collector interfaceinspect— Inspect live objectsannotationlib— Functionality for introspecting annotationssite— Site-specific configuration hook
- Intérpretes de Python personalizados
- Importando módulos
zipimport— Import modules from Zip archivespkgutil— Package extension utilitymodulefinder— Find modules used by a scriptrunpy— Localización y ejecución de módulos Pythonimportlib— La implementación deimportimportlib.resources– Package resource reading, opening and accessimportlib.resources.abc– Abstract base classes for resourcesimportlib.metadata– Acceso a los metadatos de los paquetes- La inicialización de la ruta de búsqueda de módulo de
sys.path
- Servicios del lenguaje Python
ast— Abstract syntax treessymtable— Access to the compiler’s symbol tablestoken— Constants used with Python parse treeskeyword— Testing for Python keywordstokenize— Tokenizer for Python sourcetabnanny— Detection of ambiguous indentationpyclbr— Python module browser supportpy_compile— Compile Python source filescompileall— Byte-compile Python librariesdis— Desensamblador para bytecode de Pythonpickletools— Tools for pickle developers
- Servicios Específicos para MS Windows
- Unix-specific services
shlex— Simple lexical analysisposix— The most common POSIX system callspwd— The password databasegrp— The group databasetermios— POSIX style tty controltty— Terminal control functionspty— Pseudo-terminal utilitiesfcntl— Thefcntlandioctlsystem callsresource— Resource usage informationsyslog— Unix syslog library routines
- Modules command-line interface (CLI)
- Módulos reemplazados
- Removed Modules
- Consideraciones de seguridad