msvcrt — Useful routines from the MS VC++ runtime

These functions provide access to some useful capabilities on Windows platforms. Some higher-level modules use these functions to build the Windows implementations of their services. For example, the getpass module uses this in the implementation of the getpass() function.

Más información sobre estas funciones se pueden encontrar en la documentación de la API de la plataforma.

El módulo implementa las variantes tanto de caracteres normales como amplios de la API E/S de la consola (se codifican en más de 8 bits, pudiendo llegar hasta 32). La API normal se ocupa solamente de caracteres ASCII y es de uso limitado a aplicaciones internacionales. La API para caracteres amplios se recomienda usar siempre que sea posible.

Distinto en la versión 3.3: Las operaciones en este módulo lanzan ahora OSError donde antes se lanzaba IOError.

Operaciones con archivos

msvcrt.locking(fd, mode, nbytes)

Lock part of a file based on file descriptor fd from the C runtime. Raises OSError on failure. The locked region of the file extends from the current file position for nbytes bytes, and may continue beyond the end of the file. mode must be one of the LK_* constants listed below. Multiple regions in a file may be locked at the same time, but may not overlap. Adjacent regions are not merged; they must be unlocked individually.

Lanza un evento de auditoría msvcrt.locking con los argumentos fd, mode, nbytes.

msvcrt.LK_LOCK
msvcrt.LK_RLCK

Locks the specified bytes. If the bytes cannot be locked, the program immediately tries again after 1 second. If, after 10 attempts, the bytes cannot be locked, OSError is raised.

msvcrt.LK_NBLCK
msvcrt.LK_NBRLCK

Bloquea los bytes especificados. Si no se pueden bloquear, lanza una excepción OSError.

msvcrt.LK_UNLCK

Desbloquea los bytes especificados que han sido previamente bloqueados.

msvcrt.setmode(fd, flags)

Establece el modo traducción del final de línea del descriptor de un archivo fd. Si se establece como modo texto, flags debería ser os.O_TEXT; para establecerlo como modo binario, debería ser os.O_BINARY.

msvcrt.open_osfhandle(handle, flags)

Create a C runtime file descriptor from the file handle handle. The flags parameter should be a bitwise OR of os.O_APPEND, os.O_RDONLY, os.O_TEXT and os.O_NOINHERIT. The returned file descriptor may be used as a parameter to os.fdopen() to create a file object.

The file descriptor is inheritable by default. Pass os.O_NOINHERIT flag to make it non inheritable.

Lanza un evento de auditoría msvcrt.open_osfhandle con los argumentos handle, flags.

msvcrt.get_osfhandle(fd)

Return the file handle for the file descriptor fd. Raises OSError if fd is not recognized.

Lanza un evento de auditoría msvcrt.get_osfhandle con el argumento fd.

Consola E/S

msvcrt.kbhit()

Returns a nonzero value if a keypress is waiting to be read. Otherwise, return 0.

msvcrt.getch()

Read a keypress and return the resulting character as a byte string. Nothing is echoed to the console. This call will block if a keypress is not already available, but will not wait for Enter to be pressed. If the pressed key was a special function key, this will return '\000' or '\xe0'; the next call will return the keycode. The Control-C keypress cannot be read with this function.

msvcrt.getwch()

Variante de carácter amplio de getch(), retornando un valor Unicode.

msvcrt.getche()

Similar to getch(), but the keypress will be echoed if it represents a printable character.

msvcrt.getwche()

Variante de carácter amplio de getche(), retornando un valor Unicode.

msvcrt.putch(char)

Imprime la cadena de caracteres de bytes char a la consola sin almacenamiento en buffer.

msvcrt.putwch(unicode_char)

Variante de carácter amplio de putch(), admitiendo un valor Unicode.

msvcrt.ungetch(char)

Provoca que la cadena de caracteres de bytes char sea «colocada de nuevo» en el buffer de la consola, será el siguiente carácter que lea la función getch() o getche().

msvcrt.ungetwch(unicode_char)

Variante de carácter amplio de ungetch(), admitiendo un valor Unicode.

Otras funciones

msvcrt.heapmin()

Force the malloc() heap to clean itself up and return unused blocks to the operating system. On failure, this raises OSError.

msvcrt.set_error_mode(mode)

Changes the location where the C runtime writes an error message for an error that might end the program. mode must be one of the OUT_* constants listed below or REPORT_ERRMODE. Returns the old setting or -1 if an error occurs. Only available in debug build of Python.

msvcrt.OUT_TO_DEFAULT

Error sink is determined by the app’s type. Only available in debug build of Python.

msvcrt.OUT_TO_STDERR

Error sink is a standard error. Only available in debug build of Python.

msvcrt.OUT_TO_MSGBOX

Error sink is a message box. Only available in debug build of Python.

msvcrt.REPORT_ERRMODE

Report the current error mode value. Only available in debug build of Python.

msvcrt.CrtSetReportMode(type, mode)

Specifies the destination or destinations for a specific report type generated by _CrtDbgReport() in the MS VC++ runtime. type must be one of the CRT_* constants listed below. mode must be one of the CRTDBG_* constants listed below. Only available in debug build of Python.

msvcrt.CrtSetReportFile(type, file)

After you use CrtSetReportMode() to specify CRTDBG_MODE_FILE, you can specify the file handle to receive the message text. type must be one of the CRT_* constants listed below. file should be the file handle your want specified. Only available in debug build of Python.

msvcrt.CRT_WARN

Warnings, messages, and information that doesn’t need immediate attention.

msvcrt.CRT_ERROR

Errors, unrecoverable problems, and issues that require immediate attention.

msvcrt.CRT_ASSERT

Assertion failures.

msvcrt.CRTDBG_MODE_DEBUG

Writes the message to the debugger’s output window.

msvcrt.CRTDBG_MODE_FILE

Writes the message to a user-supplied file handle. CrtSetReportFile() should be called to define the specific file or stream to use as the destination.

msvcrt.CRTDBG_MODE_WNDW

Creates a message box to display the message along with the Abort, Retry, and Ignore buttons.

msvcrt.CRTDBG_REPORT_MODE

Returns current mode for the specified type.

msvcrt.CRT_ASSEMBLY_VERSION

The CRT Assembly version, from the crtassem.h header file.

msvcrt.VC_ASSEMBLY_PUBLICKEYTOKEN

The VC Assembly public key token, from the crtassem.h header file.

msvcrt.LIBRARIES_ASSEMBLY_NAME_PREFIX

The Libraries Assembly name prefix, from the crtassem.h header file.