# Estabilidad de la API en C

Unless documented otherwise, Python’s C API is covered by the Backwards Compatibility Policy, PEP 387. Most changes to it are source-compatible (typically by only adding new API). Changing existing API or removing API is only done after a deprecation period or to fix serious issues.

CPython’s Application Binary Interface (ABI) is forward- and backwards-compatible across a minor release (if these are compiled the same way; see Consideraciones de la plataforma below). So, code compiled for Python 3.10.0 will work on 3.10.8 and vice versa, but will need to be compiled separately for 3.9.x and 3.11.x.

There are two tiers of C API with different stability expectations:

- Unstable API, may change in minor versions without a deprecation period. It is marked by the `PyUnstable` prefix in names.

- Limited API, is compatible across several minor releases. When `Py_LIMITED_API` is defined, only this subset is exposed from `Python.h`.

These are discussed in more detail below.

Names prefixed by an underscore, such as `_Py_InternalState`, are private API that can change without notice even in patch releases. If you need to use this API, consider reaching out to CPython developers to discuss adding public API for your use case.

## Unstable C API

Any API named with the `PyUnstable` prefix exposes CPython implementation details, and may change in every minor release (e.g. from 3.9 to 3.10) without any deprecation warnings. However, it will not change in a bugfix release (e.g. from 3.10.0 to 3.10.1).

It is generally intended for specialized, low-level tools like debuggers.

Projects that use this API are expected to follow CPython development and spend extra effort adjusting to changes.

## Interfaz binaria de aplicación estable

For simplicity, this document talks about extensions, but the Limited API and Stable ABI work the same way for all uses of the API – for example, embedding Python.

### Limited C API

Python 3.2 introduced the Limited API, a subset of Python’s C API. Extensions that only use the Limited API can be compiled once and work with multiple versions of Python. Contents of the Limited API are listed below.

Py_LIMITED_API

  Se define esta macro antes de incluir `Python.h` para optar por usar sólo la API limitada y para seleccionar la versión de la API limitada.

  Define `Py_LIMITED_API` to the value of `PY_VERSION_HEX` corresponding to the lowest Python version your extension supports. The extension will work without recompilation with all Python 3 releases from the specified one onward, and can use Limited API introduced up to that version.

  En lugar de utilizar directamente la macro `PY_VERSION_HEX`, se codifica una versión menor mínima (por ejemplo, `0x030A0000` para Python 3.10) para tener estabilidad cuando se compila con futuras versiones de Python.

  También se puede definir `Py_LIMITED_API` con `3`. Esto funciona igual que `0x03020000` (Python 3.2, la función que introdujo la API limitada).

### Stable ABI

To enable this, Python provides a Stable ABI: a set of symbols that will remain compatible across Python 3.x versions.

The Stable ABI contains symbols exposed in the Limited API, but also other ones – for example, functions necessary to support older versions of the Limited API.

En Windows, las extensiones que usan la ABI estable deben estar vinculadas con `python3.dll` en lugar de una biblioteca específica de la versión como `python39.dll`.

En algunas plataformas, Python buscará y cargará archivos de bibliotecas compartidas con el nombre de la etiqueta `abi3` (por ejemplo, `mymodule.abi3.so`). No comprueba si tales extensiones se ajustan a una ABI estable. El usuario (o sus herramientas de empaquetado) necesitan asegurarse que, por ejemplo, las extensiones que se crean con la API limitada 3.10+ no estén instaladas para versiones inferiores de Python.

Todas las funciones de la ABI estable se presentan como funciones en la biblioteca compartida de Python, no sólo como macros. Esto las hace utilizables desde lenguajes que no usan el preprocesador de C.

### Alcance y rendimiento de la API limitada

El objetivo de la API limitada es permitir todo lo que es posible con la API completa en C, pero posiblemente con una penalización de rendimiento.

Por ejemplo, mientras `PyList_GetItem()` está disponible, su variante macro “insegura” `PyList_GET_ITEM()` no lo está. La macro puede ser más rápida porque puede confiar en los detalles de implementación específicos de la versión del objeto de lista.

Sin definirse `Py_LIMITED_API`, algunas funciones de la API en C están integradas o reemplazadas por macros. Definir `Py_LIMITED_API` desactiva esta integración, permitiendo estabilidad mientras que se mejoren las estructuras de datos de Python, pero posiblemente reduzca el rendimiento.

Al dejar fuera la definición de `Py_LIMITED_API`, es posible compilar una extensión de la API limitada con una ABI específica de la versión. Esto puede mejorar el rendimiento para esa versión de Python, pero limitará la compatibilidad. Compilar con `Py_LIMITED_API` producirá una extensión que se puede distribuir donde una versión específica no esté disponible - por ejemplo, para los prelanzamientos de una versión próxima de Python.

### Advertencias de la API limitada

Note that compiling with `Py_LIMITED_API` is not a complete guarantee that code conforms to the Limited API or the Stable ABI. `Py_LIMITED_API` only covers definitions, but an API also includes other issues, such as expected semantics.

Un problema contra el que `Py_LIMITED_API` no protege es llamar una función con argumentos que son inválidos en una versión inferior de Python. Por ejemplo, se considera una función que empieza a aceptar `NULL` como un argumento. Ahora en Python 3.9, `NULL` selecciona un comportamiento predeterminado, pero en Python 3.8, el argumento se usará directamente, causando una desreferencia `NULL` y se detendrá. Un argumento similar funciona para campos de estructuras.

Otro problema es que algunos campos de estructura no se ocultan actualmente cuando se define `Py_LIMITED_API`, aunque son parte de la API limitada.

Por estas razones, recomendamos probar una extensión con todas las versiones menores de Python que soporte, y preferiblemente compilar con la versión más baja.

También recomendamos revisar la documentación de todas las API usadas para verificar si es parte explícitamente de la API limitada. Aunque se defina `Py_LIMITED_API`, algunas declaraciones privadas se exponen por razones técnicas (o incluso involuntariamente, como errores).

También tome en cuenta que la API limitada no necesariamente es estable: compilar con `Py_LIMITED_API` con Python 3.8 significa que la extensión se ejecutará con Python 3.12, pero no necesariamente compilará con Python 3.12. En particular, las partes de la API limitada se pueden quedar obsoletas y eliminarse, siempre que la ABI estable permanezca estable.

## Consideraciones de la plataforma

ABI stability depends not only on Python, but also on the compiler used, lower-level libraries and compiler options. For the purposes of the Stable ABI, these details define a “platform”. They usually depend on the OS type and processor architecture

Es la responsabilidad de cada distribuidor particular de Python de asegurarse de que todas las versiones de Python en una plataforma particular se compilen de una forma que no rompa la ABI estable. Este es el caso de las versiones de Windows y macOS de `python.org` y muchos distribuidores de terceros.

## Contenido de la API limitada

Currently, the Limited API includes the following items:

- `PY_VECTORCALL_ARGUMENTS_OFFSET`

- `PyAIter_Check()`

- `PyArg_Parse()`

- `PyArg_ParseTuple()`

- `PyArg_ParseTupleAndKeywords()`

- `PyArg_UnpackTuple()`

- `PyArg_VaParse()`

- `PyArg_VaParseTupleAndKeywords()`

- `PyArg_ValidateKeywordArguments()`

- `PyBaseObject_Type`

- `PyBool_FromLong()`

- `PyBool_Type`

- `PyBuffer_FillContiguousStrides()`

- `PyBuffer_FillInfo()`

- `PyBuffer_FromContiguous()`

- `PyBuffer_GetPointer()`

- `PyBuffer_IsContiguous()`

- `PyBuffer_Release()`

- `PyBuffer_SizeFromFormat()`

- `PyBuffer_ToContiguous()`

- `PyByteArrayIter_Type`

- `PyByteArray_AsString()`

- `PyByteArray_Concat()`

- `PyByteArray_FromObject()`

- `PyByteArray_FromStringAndSize()`

- `PyByteArray_Resize()`

- `PyByteArray_Size()`

- `PyByteArray_Type`

- `PyBytesIter_Type`

- `PyBytes_AsString()`

- `PyBytes_AsStringAndSize()`

- `PyBytes_Concat()`

- `PyBytes_ConcatAndDel()`

- `PyBytes_DecodeEscape()`

- `PyBytes_FromFormat()`

- `PyBytes_FromFormatV()`

- `PyBytes_FromObject()`

- `PyBytes_FromString()`

- `PyBytes_FromStringAndSize()`

- `PyBytes_Repr()`

- `PyBytes_Size()`

- `PyBytes_Type`

- `PyCFunction`

- `PyCFunctionWithKeywords`

- `PyCFunction_Call()`

- `PyCFunction_GetFlags()`

- `PyCFunction_GetFunction()`

- `PyCFunction_GetSelf()`

- `PyCFunction_New()`

- `PyCFunction_NewEx()`

- `PyCFunction_Type`

- `PyCMethod_New()`

- `PyCallIter_New()`

- `PyCallIter_Type`

- `PyCallable_Check()`

- `PyCapsule_Destructor`

- `PyCapsule_GetContext()`

- `PyCapsule_GetDestructor()`

- `PyCapsule_GetName()`

- `PyCapsule_GetPointer()`

- `PyCapsule_Import()`

- `PyCapsule_IsValid()`

- `PyCapsule_New()`

- `PyCapsule_SetContext()`

- `PyCapsule_SetDestructor()`

- `PyCapsule_SetName()`

- `PyCapsule_SetPointer()`

- `PyCapsule_Type`

- `PyClassMethodDescr_Type`

- `PyCodec_BackslashReplaceErrors()`

- `PyCodec_Decode()`

- `PyCodec_Decoder()`

- `PyCodec_Encode()`

- `PyCodec_Encoder()`

- `PyCodec_IgnoreErrors()`

- `PyCodec_IncrementalDecoder()`

- `PyCodec_IncrementalEncoder()`

- `PyCodec_KnownEncoding()`

- `PyCodec_LookupError()`

- `PyCodec_NameReplaceErrors()`

- `PyCodec_Register()`

- `PyCodec_RegisterError()`

- `PyCodec_ReplaceErrors()`

- `PyCodec_StreamReader()`

- `PyCodec_StreamWriter()`

- `PyCodec_StrictErrors()`

- `PyCodec_Unregister()`

- `PyCodec_XMLCharRefReplaceErrors()`

- `PyComplex_FromDoubles()`

- `PyComplex_ImagAsDouble()`

- `PyComplex_RealAsDouble()`

- `PyComplex_Type`

- `PyDescr_NewClassMethod()`

- `PyDescr_NewGetSet()`

- `PyDescr_NewMember()`

- `PyDescr_NewMethod()`

- `PyDictItems_Type`

- `PyDictIterItem_Type`

- `PyDictIterKey_Type`

- `PyDictIterValue_Type`

- `PyDictKeys_Type`

- `PyDictProxy_New()`

- `PyDictProxy_Type`

- `PyDictRevIterItem_Type`

- `PyDictRevIterKey_Type`

- `PyDictRevIterValue_Type`

- `PyDictValues_Type`

- `PyDict_Clear()`

- `PyDict_Contains()`

- `PyDict_Copy()`

- `PyDict_DelItem()`

- `PyDict_DelItemString()`

- `PyDict_GetItem()`

- `PyDict_GetItemString()`

- `PyDict_GetItemWithError()`

- `PyDict_Items()`

- `PyDict_Keys()`

- `PyDict_Merge()`

- `PyDict_MergeFromSeq2()`

- `PyDict_New()`

- `PyDict_Next()`

- `PyDict_SetItem()`

- `PyDict_SetItemString()`

- `PyDict_Size()`

- `PyDict_Type`

- `PyDict_Update()`

- `PyDict_Values()`

- `PyEllipsis_Type`

- `PyEnum_Type`

- `PyErr_BadArgument()`

- `PyErr_BadInternalCall()`

- `PyErr_CheckSignals()`

- `PyErr_Clear()`

- `PyErr_Display()`

- `PyErr_DisplayException()`

- `PyErr_ExceptionMatches()`

- `PyErr_Fetch()`

- `PyErr_Format()`

- `PyErr_FormatV()`

- `PyErr_GetExcInfo()`

- `PyErr_GetHandledException()`

- `PyErr_GetRaisedException()`

- `PyErr_GivenExceptionMatches()`

- `PyErr_NewException()`

- `PyErr_NewExceptionWithDoc()`

- `PyErr_NoMemory()`

- `PyErr_NormalizeException()`

- `PyErr_Occurred()`

- `PyErr_Print()`

- `PyErr_PrintEx()`

- `PyErr_ProgramText()`

- `PyErr_ResourceWarning()`

- `PyErr_Restore()`

- `PyErr_SetExcFromWindowsErr()`

- `PyErr_SetExcFromWindowsErrWithFilename()`

- `PyErr_SetExcFromWindowsErrWithFilenameObject()`

- `PyErr_SetExcFromWindowsErrWithFilenameObjects()`

- `PyErr_SetExcInfo()`

- `PyErr_SetFromErrno()`

- `PyErr_SetFromErrnoWithFilename()`

- `PyErr_SetFromErrnoWithFilenameObject()`

- `PyErr_SetFromErrnoWithFilenameObjects()`

- `PyErr_SetFromWindowsErr()`

- `PyErr_SetFromWindowsErrWithFilename()`

- `PyErr_SetHandledException()`

- `PyErr_SetImportError()`

- `PyErr_SetImportErrorSubclass()`

- `PyErr_SetInterrupt()`

- `PyErr_SetInterruptEx()`

- `PyErr_SetNone()`

- `PyErr_SetObject()`

- `PyErr_SetRaisedException()`

- `PyErr_SetString()`

- `PyErr_SyntaxLocation()`

- `PyErr_SyntaxLocationEx()`

- `PyErr_WarnEx()`

- `PyErr_WarnExplicit()`

- `PyErr_WarnFormat()`

- `PyErr_WriteUnraisable()`

- `PyEval_AcquireLock()`

- `PyEval_AcquireThread()`

- `PyEval_CallFunction()`

- `PyEval_CallMethod()`

- `PyEval_CallObjectWithKeywords()`

- `PyEval_EvalCode()`

- `PyEval_EvalCodeEx()`

- `PyEval_EvalFrame()`

- `PyEval_EvalFrameEx()`

- `PyEval_GetBuiltins()`

- `PyEval_GetFrame()`

- `PyEval_GetFuncDesc()`

- `PyEval_GetFuncName()`

- `PyEval_GetGlobals()`

- `PyEval_GetLocals()`

- `PyEval_InitThreads()`

- `PyEval_ReleaseLock()`

- `PyEval_ReleaseThread()`

- `PyEval_RestoreThread()`

- `PyEval_SaveThread()`

- `PyEval_ThreadsInitialized()`

- `PyExc_ArithmeticError`

- `PyExc_AssertionError`

- `PyExc_AttributeError`

- `PyExc_BaseException`

- `PyExc_BaseExceptionGroup`

- `PyExc_BlockingIOError`

- `PyExc_BrokenPipeError`

- `PyExc_BufferError`

- `PyExc_BytesWarning`

- `PyExc_ChildProcessError`

- `PyExc_ConnectionAbortedError`

- `PyExc_ConnectionError`

- `PyExc_ConnectionRefusedError`

- `PyExc_ConnectionResetError`

- `PyExc_DeprecationWarning`

- `PyExc_EOFError`

- `PyExc_EncodingWarning`

- `PyExc_EnvironmentError`

- `PyExc_Exception`

- `PyExc_FileExistsError`

- `PyExc_FileNotFoundError`

- `PyExc_FloatingPointError`

- `PyExc_FutureWarning`

- `PyExc_GeneratorExit`

- `PyExc_IOError`

- `PyExc_ImportError`

- `PyExc_ImportWarning`

- `PyExc_IndentationError`

- `PyExc_IndexError`

- `PyExc_InterruptedError`

- `PyExc_IsADirectoryError`

- `PyExc_KeyError`

- `PyExc_KeyboardInterrupt`

- `PyExc_LookupError`

- `PyExc_MemoryError`

- `PyExc_ModuleNotFoundError`

- `PyExc_NameError`

- `PyExc_NotADirectoryError`

- `PyExc_NotImplementedError`

- `PyExc_OSError`

- `PyExc_OverflowError`

- `PyExc_PendingDeprecationWarning`

- `PyExc_PermissionError`

- `PyExc_ProcessLookupError`

- `PyExc_RecursionError`

- `PyExc_ReferenceError`

- `PyExc_ResourceWarning`

- `PyExc_RuntimeError`

- `PyExc_RuntimeWarning`

- `PyExc_StopAsyncIteration`

- `PyExc_StopIteration`

- `PyExc_SyntaxError`

- `PyExc_SyntaxWarning`

- `PyExc_SystemError`

- `PyExc_SystemExit`

- `PyExc_TabError`

- `PyExc_TimeoutError`

- `PyExc_TypeError`

- `PyExc_UnboundLocalError`

- `PyExc_UnicodeDecodeError`

- `PyExc_UnicodeEncodeError`

- `PyExc_UnicodeError`

- `PyExc_UnicodeTranslateError`

- `PyExc_UnicodeWarning`

- `PyExc_UserWarning`

- `PyExc_ValueError`

- `PyExc_Warning`

- `PyExc_WindowsError`

- `PyExc_ZeroDivisionError`

- `PyExceptionClass_Name()`

- `PyException_GetArgs()`

- `PyException_GetCause()`

- `PyException_GetContext()`

- `PyException_GetTraceback()`

- `PyException_SetArgs()`

- `PyException_SetCause()`

- `PyException_SetContext()`

- `PyException_SetTraceback()`

- `PyFile_FromFd()`

- `PyFile_GetLine()`

- `PyFile_WriteObject()`

- `PyFile_WriteString()`

- `PyFilter_Type`

- `PyFloat_AsDouble()`

- `PyFloat_FromDouble()`

- `PyFloat_FromString()`

- `PyFloat_GetInfo()`

- `PyFloat_GetMax()`

- `PyFloat_GetMin()`

- `PyFloat_Type`

- `PyFrameObject`

- `PyFrame_GetCode()`

- `PyFrame_GetLineNumber()`

- `PyFrozenSet_New()`

- `PyFrozenSet_Type`

- `PyGC_Collect()`

- `PyGC_Disable()`

- `PyGC_Enable()`

- `PyGC_IsEnabled()`

- `PyGILState_Ensure()`

- `PyGILState_GetThisThreadState()`

- `PyGILState_Release()`

- `PyGILState_STATE`

- `PyGetSetDef`

- `PyGetSetDescr_Type`

- `PyImport_AddModule()`

- `PyImport_AddModuleObject()`

- `PyImport_AppendInittab()`

- `PyImport_ExecCodeModule()`

- `PyImport_ExecCodeModuleEx()`

- `PyImport_ExecCodeModuleObject()`

- `PyImport_ExecCodeModuleWithPathnames()`

- `PyImport_GetImporter()`

- `PyImport_GetMagicNumber()`

- `PyImport_GetMagicTag()`

- `PyImport_GetModule()`

- `PyImport_GetModuleDict()`

- `PyImport_Import()`

- `PyImport_ImportFrozenModule()`

- `PyImport_ImportFrozenModuleObject()`

- `PyImport_ImportModule()`

- `PyImport_ImportModuleLevel()`

- `PyImport_ImportModuleLevelObject()`

- `PyImport_ImportModuleNoBlock()`

- `PyImport_ReloadModule()`

- `PyIndex_Check()`

- `PyInterpreterState`

- `PyInterpreterState_Clear()`

- `PyInterpreterState_Delete()`

- `PyInterpreterState_Get()`

- `PyInterpreterState_GetDict()`

- `PyInterpreterState_GetID()`

- `PyInterpreterState_New()`

- `PyIter_Check()`

- `PyIter_Next()`

- `PyIter_Send()`

- `PyListIter_Type`

- `PyListRevIter_Type`

- `PyList_Append()`

- `PyList_AsTuple()`

- `PyList_GetItem()`

- `PyList_GetSlice()`

- `PyList_Insert()`

- `PyList_New()`

- `PyList_Reverse()`

- `PyList_SetItem()`

- `PyList_SetSlice()`

- `PyList_Size()`

- `PyList_Sort()`

- `PyList_Type`

- `PyLongObject`

- `PyLongRangeIter_Type`

- `PyLong_AsDouble()`

- `PyLong_AsLong()`

- `PyLong_AsLongAndOverflow()`

- `PyLong_AsLongLong()`

- `PyLong_AsLongLongAndOverflow()`

- `PyLong_AsSize_t()`

- `PyLong_AsSsize_t()`

- `PyLong_AsUnsignedLong()`

- `PyLong_AsUnsignedLongLong()`

- `PyLong_AsUnsignedLongLongMask()`

- `PyLong_AsUnsignedLongMask()`

- `PyLong_AsVoidPtr()`

- `PyLong_FromDouble()`

- `PyLong_FromLong()`

- `PyLong_FromLongLong()`

- `PyLong_FromSize_t()`

- `PyLong_FromSsize_t()`

- `PyLong_FromString()`

- `PyLong_FromUnsignedLong()`

- `PyLong_FromUnsignedLongLong()`

- `PyLong_FromVoidPtr()`

- `PyLong_GetInfo()`

- `PyLong_Type`

- `PyMap_Type`

- `PyMapping_Check()`

- `PyMapping_GetItemString()`

- `PyMapping_HasKey()`

- `PyMapping_HasKeyString()`

- `PyMapping_Items()`

- `PyMapping_Keys()`

- `PyMapping_Length()`

- `PyMapping_SetItemString()`

- `PyMapping_Size()`

- `PyMapping_Values()`

- `PyMem_Calloc()`

- `PyMem_Free()`

- `PyMem_Malloc()`

- `PyMem_Realloc()`

- `PyMemberDef`

- `PyMemberDescr_Type`

- `PyMember_GetOne()`

- `PyMember_SetOne()`

- `PyMemoryView_FromBuffer()`

- `PyMemoryView_FromMemory()`

- `PyMemoryView_FromObject()`

- `PyMemoryView_GetContiguous()`

- `PyMemoryView_Type`

- `PyMethodDef`

- `PyMethodDescr_Type`

- `PyModuleDef`

- `PyModuleDef_Base`

- `PyModuleDef_Init()`

- `PyModuleDef_Type`

- `PyModule_AddFunctions()`

- `PyModule_AddIntConstant()`

- `PyModule_AddObject()`

- `PyModule_AddObjectRef()`

- `PyModule_AddStringConstant()`

- `PyModule_AddType()`

- `PyModule_Create2()`

- `PyModule_ExecDef()`

- `PyModule_FromDefAndSpec2()`

- `PyModule_GetDef()`

- `PyModule_GetDict()`

- `PyModule_GetFilename()`

- `PyModule_GetFilenameObject()`

- `PyModule_GetName()`

- `PyModule_GetNameObject()`

- `PyModule_GetState()`

- `PyModule_New()`

- `PyModule_NewObject()`

- `PyModule_SetDocString()`

- `PyModule_Type`

- `PyNumber_Absolute()`

- `PyNumber_Add()`

- `PyNumber_And()`

- `PyNumber_AsSsize_t()`

- `PyNumber_Check()`

- `PyNumber_Divmod()`

- `PyNumber_Float()`

- `PyNumber_FloorDivide()`

- `PyNumber_InPlaceAdd()`

- `PyNumber_InPlaceAnd()`

- `PyNumber_InPlaceFloorDivide()`

- `PyNumber_InPlaceLshift()`

- `PyNumber_InPlaceMatrixMultiply()`

- `PyNumber_InPlaceMultiply()`

- `PyNumber_InPlaceOr()`

- `PyNumber_InPlacePower()`

- `PyNumber_InPlaceRemainder()`

- `PyNumber_InPlaceRshift()`

- `PyNumber_InPlaceSubtract()`

- `PyNumber_InPlaceTrueDivide()`

- `PyNumber_InPlaceXor()`

- `PyNumber_Index()`

- `PyNumber_Invert()`

- `PyNumber_Long()`

- `PyNumber_Lshift()`

- `PyNumber_MatrixMultiply()`

- `PyNumber_Multiply()`

- `PyNumber_Negative()`

- `PyNumber_Or()`

- `PyNumber_Positive()`

- `PyNumber_Power()`

- `PyNumber_Remainder()`

- `PyNumber_Rshift()`

- `PyNumber_Subtract()`

- `PyNumber_ToBase()`

- `PyNumber_TrueDivide()`

- `PyNumber_Xor()`

- `PyOS_AfterFork()`

- `PyOS_AfterFork_Child()`

- `PyOS_AfterFork_Parent()`

- `PyOS_BeforeFork()`

- `PyOS_CheckStack()`

- `PyOS_FSPath()`

- `PyOS_InputHook`

- `PyOS_InterruptOccurred()`

- `PyOS_double_to_string()`

- `PyOS_getsig()`

- `PyOS_mystricmp()`

- `PyOS_mystrnicmp()`

- `PyOS_setsig()`

- `PyOS_sighandler_t`

- `PyOS_snprintf()`

- `PyOS_string_to_double()`

- `PyOS_strtol()`

- `PyOS_strtoul()`

- `PyOS_vsnprintf()`

- `PyObject`

- `PyObject.ob_refcnt`

- `PyObject.ob_type`

- `PyObject_ASCII()`

- `PyObject_AsCharBuffer()`

- `PyObject_AsFileDescriptor()`

- `PyObject_AsReadBuffer()`

- `PyObject_AsWriteBuffer()`

- `PyObject_Bytes()`

- `PyObject_Call()`

- `PyObject_CallFunction()`

- `PyObject_CallFunctionObjArgs()`

- `PyObject_CallMethod()`

- `PyObject_CallMethodObjArgs()`

- `PyObject_CallNoArgs()`

- `PyObject_CallObject()`

- `PyObject_Calloc()`

- `PyObject_CheckBuffer()`

- `PyObject_CheckReadBuffer()`

- `PyObject_ClearWeakRefs()`

- `PyObject_CopyData()`

- `PyObject_DelItem()`

- `PyObject_DelItemString()`

- `PyObject_Dir()`

- `PyObject_Format()`

- `PyObject_Free()`

- `PyObject_GC_Del()`

- `PyObject_GC_IsFinalized()`

- `PyObject_GC_IsTracked()`

- `PyObject_GC_Track()`

- `PyObject_GC_UnTrack()`

- `PyObject_GenericGetAttr()`

- `PyObject_GenericGetDict()`

- `PyObject_GenericSetAttr()`

- `PyObject_GenericSetDict()`

- `PyObject_GetAIter()`

- `PyObject_GetAttr()`

- `PyObject_GetAttrString()`

- `PyObject_GetBuffer()`

- `PyObject_GetItem()`

- `PyObject_GetIter()`

- `PyObject_GetTypeData()`

- `PyObject_HasAttr()`

- `PyObject_HasAttrString()`

- `PyObject_Hash()`

- `PyObject_HashNotImplemented()`

- `PyObject_Init()`

- `PyObject_InitVar()`

- `PyObject_IsInstance()`

- `PyObject_IsSubclass()`

- `PyObject_IsTrue()`

- `PyObject_Length()`

- `PyObject_Malloc()`

- `PyObject_Not()`

- `PyObject_Realloc()`

- `PyObject_Repr()`

- `PyObject_RichCompare()`

- `PyObject_RichCompareBool()`

- `PyObject_SelfIter()`

- `PyObject_SetAttr()`

- `PyObject_SetAttrString()`

- `PyObject_SetItem()`

- `PyObject_Size()`

- `PyObject_Str()`

- `PyObject_Type()`

- `PyObject_Vectorcall()`

- `PyObject_VectorcallMethod()`

- `PyProperty_Type`

- `PyRangeIter_Type`

- `PyRange_Type`

- `PyReversed_Type`

- `PySeqIter_New()`

- `PySeqIter_Type`

- `PySequence_Check()`

- `PySequence_Concat()`

- `PySequence_Contains()`

- `PySequence_Count()`

- `PySequence_DelItem()`

- `PySequence_DelSlice()`

- `PySequence_Fast()`

- `PySequence_GetItem()`

- `PySequence_GetSlice()`

- `PySequence_In()`

- `PySequence_InPlaceConcat()`

- `PySequence_InPlaceRepeat()`

- `PySequence_Index()`

- `PySequence_Length()`

- `PySequence_List()`

- `PySequence_Repeat()`

- `PySequence_SetItem()`

- `PySequence_SetSlice()`

- `PySequence_Size()`

- `PySequence_Tuple()`

- `PySetIter_Type`

- `PySet_Add()`

- `PySet_Clear()`

- `PySet_Contains()`

- `PySet_Discard()`

- `PySet_New()`

- `PySet_Pop()`

- `PySet_Size()`

- `PySet_Type`

- `PySlice_AdjustIndices()`

- `PySlice_GetIndices()`

- `PySlice_GetIndicesEx()`

- `PySlice_New()`

- `PySlice_Type`

- `PySlice_Unpack()`

- `PyState_AddModule()`

- `PyState_FindModule()`

- `PyState_RemoveModule()`

- `PyStructSequence_Desc`

- `PyStructSequence_Field`

- `PyStructSequence_GetItem()`

- `PyStructSequence_New()`

- `PyStructSequence_NewType()`

- `PyStructSequence_SetItem()`

- `PyStructSequence_UnnamedField`

- `PySuper_Type`

- `PySys_AddWarnOption()`

- `PySys_AddWarnOptionUnicode()`

- `PySys_AddXOption()`

- `PySys_FormatStderr()`

- `PySys_FormatStdout()`

- `PySys_GetObject()`

- `PySys_GetXOptions()`

- `PySys_HasWarnOptions()`

- `PySys_ResetWarnOptions()`

- `PySys_SetArgv()`

- `PySys_SetArgvEx()`

- `PySys_SetObject()`

- `PySys_SetPath()`

- `PySys_WriteStderr()`

- `PySys_WriteStdout()`

- `PyThreadState`

- `PyThreadState_Clear()`

- `PyThreadState_Delete()`

- `PyThreadState_Get()`

- `PyThreadState_GetDict()`

- `PyThreadState_GetFrame()`

- `PyThreadState_GetID()`

- `PyThreadState_GetInterpreter()`

- `PyThreadState_New()`

- `PyThreadState_SetAsyncExc()`

- `PyThreadState_Swap()`

- `PyThread_GetInfo()`

- `PyThread_ReInitTLS()`

- `PyThread_acquire_lock()`

- `PyThread_acquire_lock_timed()`

- `PyThread_allocate_lock()`

- `PyThread_create_key()`

- `PyThread_delete_key()`

- `PyThread_delete_key_value()`

- `PyThread_exit_thread()`

- `PyThread_free_lock()`

- `PyThread_get_key_value()`

- `PyThread_get_stacksize()`

- `PyThread_get_thread_ident()`

- `PyThread_get_thread_native_id()`

- `PyThread_init_thread()`

- `PyThread_release_lock()`

- `PyThread_set_key_value()`

- `PyThread_set_stacksize()`

- `PyThread_start_new_thread()`

- `PyThread_tss_alloc()`

- `PyThread_tss_create()`

- `PyThread_tss_delete()`

- `PyThread_tss_free()`

- `PyThread_tss_get()`

- `PyThread_tss_is_created()`

- `PyThread_tss_set()`

- `PyTraceBack_Here()`

- `PyTraceBack_Print()`

- `PyTraceBack_Type`

- `PyTupleIter_Type`

- `PyTuple_GetItem()`

- `PyTuple_GetSlice()`

- `PyTuple_New()`

- `PyTuple_Pack()`

- `PyTuple_SetItem()`

- `PyTuple_Size()`

- `PyTuple_Type`

- `PyTypeObject`

- `PyType_ClearCache()`

- `PyType_FromMetaclass()`

- `PyType_FromModuleAndSpec()`

- `PyType_FromSpec()`

- `PyType_FromSpecWithBases()`

- `PyType_GenericAlloc()`

- `PyType_GenericNew()`

- `PyType_GetFlags()`

- `PyType_GetModule()`

- `PyType_GetModuleState()`

- `PyType_GetName()`

- `PyType_GetQualName()`

- `PyType_GetSlot()`

- `PyType_GetTypeDataSize()`

- `PyType_IsSubtype()`

- `PyType_Modified()`

- `PyType_Ready()`

- `PyType_Slot`

- `PyType_Spec`

- `PyType_Type`

- `PyUnicodeDecodeError_Create()`

- `PyUnicodeDecodeError_GetEncoding()`

- `PyUnicodeDecodeError_GetEnd()`

- `PyUnicodeDecodeError_GetObject()`

- `PyUnicodeDecodeError_GetReason()`

- `PyUnicodeDecodeError_GetStart()`

- `PyUnicodeDecodeError_SetEnd()`

- `PyUnicodeDecodeError_SetReason()`

- `PyUnicodeDecodeError_SetStart()`

- `PyUnicodeEncodeError_GetEncoding()`

- `PyUnicodeEncodeError_GetEnd()`

- `PyUnicodeEncodeError_GetObject()`

- `PyUnicodeEncodeError_GetReason()`

- `PyUnicodeEncodeError_GetStart()`

- `PyUnicodeEncodeError_SetEnd()`

- `PyUnicodeEncodeError_SetReason()`

- `PyUnicodeEncodeError_SetStart()`

- `PyUnicodeIter_Type`

- `PyUnicodeTranslateError_GetEnd()`

- `PyUnicodeTranslateError_GetObject()`

- `PyUnicodeTranslateError_GetReason()`

- `PyUnicodeTranslateError_GetStart()`

- `PyUnicodeTranslateError_SetEnd()`

- `PyUnicodeTranslateError_SetReason()`

- `PyUnicodeTranslateError_SetStart()`

- `PyUnicode_Append()`

- `PyUnicode_AppendAndDel()`

- `PyUnicode_AsASCIIString()`

- `PyUnicode_AsCharmapString()`

- `PyUnicode_AsDecodedObject()`

- `PyUnicode_AsDecodedUnicode()`

- `PyUnicode_AsEncodedObject()`

- `PyUnicode_AsEncodedString()`

- `PyUnicode_AsEncodedUnicode()`

- `PyUnicode_AsLatin1String()`

- `PyUnicode_AsMBCSString()`

- `PyUnicode_AsRawUnicodeEscapeString()`

- `PyUnicode_AsUCS4()`

- `PyUnicode_AsUCS4Copy()`

- `PyUnicode_AsUTF16String()`

- `PyUnicode_AsUTF32String()`

- `PyUnicode_AsUTF8AndSize()`

- `PyUnicode_AsUTF8String()`

- `PyUnicode_AsUnicodeEscapeString()`

- `PyUnicode_AsWideChar()`

- `PyUnicode_AsWideCharString()`

- `PyUnicode_BuildEncodingMap()`

- `PyUnicode_Compare()`

- `PyUnicode_CompareWithASCIIString()`

- `PyUnicode_Concat()`

- `PyUnicode_Contains()`

- `PyUnicode_Count()`

- `PyUnicode_Decode()`

- `PyUnicode_DecodeASCII()`

- `PyUnicode_DecodeCharmap()`

- `PyUnicode_DecodeCodePageStateful()`

- `PyUnicode_DecodeFSDefault()`

- `PyUnicode_DecodeFSDefaultAndSize()`

- `PyUnicode_DecodeLatin1()`

- `PyUnicode_DecodeLocale()`

- `PyUnicode_DecodeLocaleAndSize()`

- `PyUnicode_DecodeMBCS()`

- `PyUnicode_DecodeMBCSStateful()`

- `PyUnicode_DecodeRawUnicodeEscape()`

- `PyUnicode_DecodeUTF16()`

- `PyUnicode_DecodeUTF16Stateful()`

- `PyUnicode_DecodeUTF32()`

- `PyUnicode_DecodeUTF32Stateful()`

- `PyUnicode_DecodeUTF7()`

- `PyUnicode_DecodeUTF7Stateful()`

- `PyUnicode_DecodeUTF8()`

- `PyUnicode_DecodeUTF8Stateful()`

- `PyUnicode_DecodeUnicodeEscape()`

- `PyUnicode_EncodeCodePage()`

- `PyUnicode_EncodeFSDefault()`

- `PyUnicode_EncodeLocale()`

- `PyUnicode_FSConverter()`

- `PyUnicode_FSDecoder()`

- `PyUnicode_Find()`

- `PyUnicode_FindChar()`

- `PyUnicode_Format()`

- `PyUnicode_FromEncodedObject()`

- `PyUnicode_FromFormat()`

- `PyUnicode_FromFormatV()`

- `PyUnicode_FromObject()`

- `PyUnicode_FromOrdinal()`

- `PyUnicode_FromString()`

- `PyUnicode_FromStringAndSize()`

- `PyUnicode_FromWideChar()`

- `PyUnicode_GetDefaultEncoding()`

- `PyUnicode_GetLength()`

- `PyUnicode_InternFromString()`

- `PyUnicode_InternInPlace()`

- `PyUnicode_IsIdentifier()`

- `PyUnicode_Join()`

- `PyUnicode_Partition()`

- `PyUnicode_RPartition()`

- `PyUnicode_RSplit()`

- `PyUnicode_ReadChar()`

- `PyUnicode_Replace()`

- `PyUnicode_Resize()`

- `PyUnicode_RichCompare()`

- `PyUnicode_Split()`

- `PyUnicode_Splitlines()`

- `PyUnicode_Substring()`

- `PyUnicode_Tailmatch()`

- `PyUnicode_Translate()`

- `PyUnicode_Type`

- `PyUnicode_WriteChar()`

- `PyVarObject`

- `PyVarObject.ob_base`

- `PyVarObject.ob_size`

- `PyVectorcall_Call()`

- `PyVectorcall_NARGS()`

- `PyWeakReference`

- `PyWeakref_GetObject()`

- `PyWeakref_NewProxy()`

- `PyWeakref_NewRef()`

- `PyWrapperDescr_Type`

- `PyWrapper_New()`

- `PyZip_Type`

- `Py_AddPendingCall()`

- `Py_AtExit()`

- `Py_BEGIN_ALLOW_THREADS`

- `Py_BLOCK_THREADS`

- `Py_BuildValue()`

- `Py_BytesMain()`

- `Py_CompileString()`

- `Py_DecRef()`

- `Py_DecodeLocale()`

- `Py_END_ALLOW_THREADS`

- `Py_EncodeLocale()`

- `Py_EndInterpreter()`

- `Py_EnterRecursiveCall()`

- `Py_Exit()`

- `Py_FatalError()`

- `Py_FileSystemDefaultEncodeErrors`

- `Py_FileSystemDefaultEncoding`

- `Py_Finalize()`

- `Py_FinalizeEx()`

- `Py_GenericAlias()`

- `Py_GenericAliasType`

- `Py_GetBuildInfo()`

- `Py_GetCompiler()`

- `Py_GetCopyright()`

- `Py_GetExecPrefix()`

- `Py_GetPath()`

- `Py_GetPlatform()`

- `Py_GetPrefix()`

- `Py_GetProgramFullPath()`

- `Py_GetProgramName()`

- `Py_GetPythonHome()`

- `Py_GetRecursionLimit()`

- `Py_GetVersion()`

- `Py_HasFileSystemDefaultEncoding`

- `Py_IncRef()`

- `Py_Initialize()`

- `Py_InitializeEx()`

- `Py_Is()`

- `Py_IsFalse()`

- `Py_IsInitialized()`

- `Py_IsNone()`

- `Py_IsTrue()`

- `Py_LeaveRecursiveCall()`

- `Py_Main()`

- `Py_MakePendingCalls()`

- `Py_NewInterpreter()`

- `Py_NewRef()`

- `Py_ReprEnter()`

- `Py_ReprLeave()`

- `Py_SetPath()`

- `Py_SetProgramName()`

- `Py_SetPythonHome()`

- `Py_SetRecursionLimit()`

- `Py_UCS4`

- `Py_UNBLOCK_THREADS`

- `Py_UTF8Mode`

- `Py_VaBuildValue()`

- `Py_Version`

- `Py_XNewRef()`

- `Py_buffer`

- `Py_intptr_t`

- `Py_ssize_t`

- `Py_uintptr_t`

- `allocfunc`

- `binaryfunc`

- `descrgetfunc`

- `descrsetfunc`

- `destructor`

- `getattrfunc`

- `getattrofunc`

- `getbufferproc`

- `getiterfunc`

- `getter`

- `hashfunc`

- `initproc`

- `inquiry`

- `iternextfunc`

- `lenfunc`

- `newfunc`

- `objobjargproc`

- `objobjproc`

- `releasebufferproc`

- `reprfunc`

- `richcmpfunc`

- `setattrfunc`

- `setattrofunc`

- `setter`

- `ssizeargfunc`

- `ssizeobjargproc`

- `ssizessizeargfunc`

- `ssizessizeobjargproc`

- `symtable`

- `ternaryfunc`

- `traverseproc`

- `unaryfunc`

- `vectorcallfunc`

- `visitproc`