# Objetos enteros

Todos los enteros se implementan como objetos enteros «largos» (long) de tamaño arbitrario.

En caso de error, la mayoría de las API `PyLong_As*` retornan `(tipo de retorno) -1` que no se puede distinguir de un número. Use `PyErr_Occurred()` para desambiguar.

type PyLongObject
  Part of the Limited API (as an opaque struct).

  Este subtipo de `PyObject` representa un objeto entero de Python.

PyTypeObject PyLong_Type
  Part of the Stable ABI.

  Esta instancia de `PyTypeObject` representa el tipo entero de Python. Este es el mismo objeto que `int` en la capa de Python.

int PyLong_Check(PyObject *p)

  Retorna verdadero si su argumento es un `PyLongObject` o un subtipo de `PyLongObject`. Esta función siempre finaliza con éxito.

int PyLong_CheckExact(PyObject *p)

  Retorna verdadero si su argumento es un `PyLongObject`, pero no un subtipo de `PyLongObject`. Esta función siempre finaliza con éxito.

PyObject *PyLong_FromLong(long v)
  Return value: New reference. Part of the Stable ABI.

  Retorna un objeto `PyLongObject` nuevo desde v, o `NULL` en caso de error.

  The current implementation keeps an array of integer objects for all integers between `-5` and `256`. When you create an int in that range you actually just get back a reference to the existing object.

PyObject *PyLong_FromUnsignedLong(unsigned long v)
  Return value: New reference. Part of the Stable ABI.

  Return a new `PyLongObject` object from a C unsigned long, or `NULL` on failure.

PyObject *PyLong_FromSsize_t(Py_ssize_t v)
  Return value: New reference. Part of the Stable ABI.

  Retorna un objeto `PyLongObject` nuevo desde un C `Py_ssize_t`, o `NULL` en caso de error.

PyObject *PyLong_FromSize_t(size_t v)
  Return value: New reference. Part of the Stable ABI.

  Retorna un objeto `PyLongObject` nuevo desde un C `size_t`, o `NULL` en caso de error.

PyObject *PyLong_FromLongLong(long long v)
  Return value: New reference. Part of the Stable ABI.

  Return a new `PyLongObject` object from a C long long, or `NULL` on failure.

PyObject *PyLong_FromUnsignedLongLong(unsigned long long v)
  Return value: New reference. Part of the Stable ABI.

  Return a new `PyLongObject` object from a C unsigned long long, or `NULL` on failure.

PyObject *PyLong_FromDouble(double v)
  Return value: New reference. Part of the Stable ABI.

  Retorna un nuevo objeto `PyLongObject` de la parte entera de v, o `NULL` en caso de error.

PyObject *PyLong_FromString(const char *str, char **pend, int base)
  Return value: New reference. Part of the Stable ABI.

  Return a new `PyLongObject` based on the string value in str, which is interpreted according to the radix in base, or `NULL` on failure. If pend is non-`NULL`, *pend will point to the end of str on success or to the first character that could not be processed on error. If base is `0`, str is interpreted using the Literales enteros definition; in this case, leading zeros in a non-zero decimal number raises a `ValueError`. If base is not `0`, it must be between `2` and `36`, inclusive. Leading and trailing whitespace and single underscores after a base specifier and between digits are ignored. If there are no digits or str is not NULL-terminated following the digits and trailing whitespace, `ValueError` will be raised.

  Ver también

  Python methods `int.to_bytes()` and `int.from_bytes()` to convert a `PyLongObject` to/from an array of bytes in base `256`. You can call those from C using `PyObject_CallMethod()`.

PyObject *PyLong_FromUnicodeObject(PyObject *u, int base)
  Return value: New reference.

  Convierte una secuencia de dígitos Unicode en la cadena de caracteres u en un valor entero de Python.

  Added in version 3.3.

PyObject *PyLong_FromVoidPtr(void *p)
  Return value: New reference. Part of the Stable ABI.

  Crea un entero de Python desde el puntero p. El valor del puntero se puede recuperar del valor resultante usando `PyLong_AsVoidPtr()`.

long PyLong_AsLong(PyObject *obj)
  Part of the Stable ABI.

  Return a C long representation of obj. If obj is not an instance of `PyLongObject`, first call its `__index__()` method (if present) to convert it to a `PyLongObject`.

  Raise `OverflowError` if the value of obj is out of range for a long.

  Retorna `-1` en caso de error. Use `PyErr_Occurred()` para desambiguar.

  Distinto en la versión 3.8: Use `__index__()` if available.

  Distinto en la versión 3.10: This function will no longer use `__int__()`.

  long PyLong_AS_LONG(PyObject *obj)

    A soft deprecated alias. Exactly equivalent to the preferred `PyLong_AsLong`. In particular, it can fail with `OverflowError` or another exception.

    Obsoleto desde la versión 3.14: The function is soft deprecated.

long PyLong_AsLongAndOverflow(PyObject *obj, int *overflow)
  Part of the Stable ABI.

  Return a C long representation of obj. If obj is not an instance of `PyLongObject`, first call its `__index__()` method (if present) to convert it to a `PyLongObject`.

  If the value of obj is greater than `LONG_MAX` or less than `LONG_MIN`, set *overflow to `1` or `-1`, respectively, and return `-1`; otherwise, set *overflow to `0`. If any other exception occurs set *overflow to `0` and return `-1` as usual.

  Retorna `-1` en caso de error. Use `PyErr_Occurred()` para desambiguar.

  Distinto en la versión 3.8: Use `__index__()` if available.

  Distinto en la versión 3.10: This function will no longer use `__int__()`.

long long PyLong_AsLongLong(PyObject *obj)
  Part of the Stable ABI.

  Return a C long long representation of obj. If obj is not an instance of `PyLongObject`, first call its `__index__()` method (if present) to convert it to a `PyLongObject`.

  Raise `OverflowError` if the value of obj is out of range for a long long.

  Retorna `-1` en caso de error. Use `PyErr_Occurred()` para desambiguar.

  Distinto en la versión 3.8: Use `__index__()` if available.

  Distinto en la versión 3.10: This function will no longer use `__int__()`.

long long PyLong_AsLongLongAndOverflow(PyObject *obj, int *overflow)
  Part of the Stable ABI.

  Return a C long long representation of obj. If obj is not an instance of `PyLongObject`, first call its `__index__()` method (if present) to convert it to a `PyLongObject`.

  If the value of obj is greater than `LLONG_MAX` or less than `LLONG_MIN`, set *overflow to `1` or `-1`, respectively, and return `-1`; otherwise, set *overflow to `0`. If any other exception occurs set *overflow to `0` and return `-1` as usual.

  Retorna `-1` en caso de error. Use `PyErr_Occurred()` para desambiguar.

  Added in version 3.2.

  Distinto en la versión 3.8: Use `__index__()` if available.

  Distinto en la versión 3.10: This function will no longer use `__int__()`.

Py_ssize_t PyLong_AsSsize_t(PyObject *pylong)
  Part of the Stable ABI.

  Retorna una representación de C `Py_ssize_t` de pylong. pylong debe ser una instancia de `PyLongObject`.

  Lanza `OverflowError` si el valor de pylong está fuera de rango para un `Py_ssize_t`.

  Retorna `-1` en caso de error. Use `PyErr_Occurred()` para desambiguar.

unsigned long PyLong_AsUnsignedLong(PyObject *pylong)
  Part of the Stable ABI.

  Return a C unsigned long representation of pylong. pylong must be an instance of `PyLongObject`.

  Raise `OverflowError` if the value of pylong is out of range for a unsigned long.

  Retorna `(unsigned long)-1` en caso de error. Use `PyErr_Occurred()` para desambiguar.

size_t PyLong_AsSize_t(PyObject *pylong)
  Part of the Stable ABI.

  Retorna una representación de C `size_t` de pylong. pylong debe ser una instancia de `PyLongObject`.

  Lanza `OverflowError` si el valor de pylong está fuera de rango para un `size_t`.

  Retorna `(size_t) -1` en caso de error. Use `PyErr_Occurred()` para desambiguar.

unsigned long long PyLong_AsUnsignedLongLong(PyObject *pylong)
  Part of the Stable ABI.

  Return a C unsigned long long representation of pylong. pylong must be an instance of `PyLongObject`.

  Raise `OverflowError` if the value of pylong is out of range for an unsigned long long.

  Retorna `(unsigned long long) -1` en caso de error. Use `PyErr_Occurred()` para desambiguar.

  Distinto en la versión 3.1: Ahora un pylong negativo lanza un `OverflowError`, no `TypeError`.

unsigned long PyLong_AsUnsignedLongMask(PyObject *obj)
  Part of the Stable ABI.

  Return a C unsigned long representation of obj. If obj is not an instance of `PyLongObject`, first call its `__index__()` method (if present) to convert it to a `PyLongObject`.

  If the value of obj is out of range for an unsigned long, return the reduction of that value modulo `ULONG_MAX + 1`.

  Retorna `(unsigned long)-1` en caso de error. Use `PyErr_Occurred()` para desambiguar.

  Distinto en la versión 3.8: Use `__index__()` if available.

  Distinto en la versión 3.10: This function will no longer use `__int__()`.

unsigned long long PyLong_AsUnsignedLongLongMask(PyObject *obj)
  Part of the Stable ABI.

  Return a C unsigned long long representation of obj. If obj is not an instance of `PyLongObject`, first call its `__index__()` method (if present) to convert it to a `PyLongObject`.

  If the value of obj is out of range for an unsigned long long, return the reduction of that value modulo `ULLONG_MAX + 1`.

  Retorna `(unsigned long long) -1` por error. Use `PyErr_Occurred()` para desambiguar.

  Distinto en la versión 3.8: Use `__index__()` if available.

  Distinto en la versión 3.10: This function will no longer use `__int__()`.

double PyLong_AsDouble(PyObject *pylong)
  Part of the Stable ABI.

  Return a C double representation of pylong. pylong must be an instance of `PyLongObject`.

  Raise `OverflowError` if the value of pylong is out of range for a double.

  Retorna `-1.0` en caso de error. Use `PyErr_Occurred()` para desambiguar.

void *PyLong_AsVoidPtr(PyObject *pylong)
  Part of the Stable ABI.

  Convert a Python integer pylong to a C void pointer. If pylong cannot be converted, an `OverflowError` will be raised. This is only assured to produce a usable void pointer for values created with `PyLong_FromVoidPtr()`.

  Retorna `NULL` en caso de error. Use `PyErr_Occurred()` para desambiguar.

PyObject *PyLong_GetInfo(void)
  Part of the Stable ABI.

  On success, return a read only named tuple, that holds information about Python’s internal representation of integers. See `sys.int_info` for description of individual fields.

  On failure, return `NULL` with an exception set.

  Added in version 3.1.

int PyUnstable_Long_IsCompact(const PyLongObject *op)
  This is Unstable API. It may change without warning in minor releases.

  Return 1 if op is compact, 0 otherwise.

  This function makes it possible for performance-critical code to implement a “fast path” for small integers. For compact values use `PyUnstable_Long_CompactValue()`; for others fall back to a `PyLong_As*` function or `calling` `int.to_bytes()`.

  The speedup is expected to be negligible for most users.

  Exactly what values are considered compact is an implementation detail and is subject to change.

  Added in version 3.12.

Py_ssize_t PyUnstable_Long_CompactValue(const PyLongObject *op)
  This is Unstable API. It may change without warning in minor releases.

  If op is compact, as determined by `PyUnstable_Long_IsCompact()`, return its value.

  Otherwise, the return value is undefined.

  Added in version 3.12.