Numerische und mathematische Module
***********************************

Die in diesem Kapitel beschriebenen Module stellen numerische und
mathematische Funktionen sowie Datentypen bereit. Das Modul "numbers"
definiert eine abstrakte Hierarchie numerischer Typen. Die Module
"math" und "cmath" enthalten verschiedene mathematische Funktionen für
Gleitkommazahlen und komplexe Zahlen. Das Modul "decimal" unterstützt
die exakte Darstellung von Dezimalzahlen mittels Arithmetik mit
beliebiger Genauigkeit.

In diesem Kapitel sind die folgenden Module dokumentiert:

* "numbers" --- Numeric abstract base classes

  * The numeric tower

  * Notes for type implementers

    * Adding More Numeric ABCs

    * Implementing the arithmetic operations

* "math" --- Mathematical functions

  * Floating point arithmetic

  * Floating point manipulation functions

  * Power, exponential and logarithmic functions

  * Summation and product functions

  * Angular conversion

  * Trigonometric functions

  * Hyperbolic functions

  * Special functions

  * Number-theoretic functions

  * Constants

* "math.integer" --- mathematische Funktionen speziell für ganze
  Zahlen

* "cmath" --- Mathematical functions for complex numbers

  * Conversions to and from polar coordinates

  * Power and logarithmic functions

  * Trigonometric functions

  * Hyperbolic functions

  * Classification functions

  * Constants

* "decimal" --- Decimal fixed-point and floating-point arithmetic

  * Quick-start tutorial

  * Decimal objects

    * Logical operands

  * Context objects

  * Constants

  * Rounding modes

  * Signals

  * Floating-point notes

    * Mitigating round-off error with increased precision

    * Special values

  * Working with threads

  * Recipes

  * Decimal FAQ

* "fractions" --- Rational numbers

* "random" --- Generate pseudo-random numbers

  * Bookkeeping functions

  * Functions for bytes

  * Functions for integers

  * Functions for sequences

  * Discrete distributions

  * Real-valued distributions

  * Alternative Generator

  * Notes on Reproducibility

  * Beispiele

  * Recipes

  * Command-line usage

  * Command-line example

* "statistics" --- Mathematical statistics functions

  * Averages and measures of central location

  * Measures of spread

  * Statistics for relations between two inputs

  * Function details

  * Ausnahmen

  * "NormalDist" objects

  * Examples and Recipes

    * Classic probability problems

    * Monte Carlo inputs for simulations

    * Approximating binomial distributions

    * Naive bayesian classifier
