# Functional Programming Modules

The modules described in this chapter provide functions and classes that support a functional programming style, and general operations on callables.

The following modules are documented in this chapter:

- `itertools` — Functions creating iterators for efficient looping
  - Itertool functions
  - Itertools Recipes
- `functools` — Higher-order functions and operations on callable objects
  - `partial` Objects
  - Exceptions
- `operator` — Standard operators as functions
  - Mapping Operators to Functions
  - In-place Operators