# `importlib.resources` – Resources

Source code: Lib/importlib/resources/__init__.py

New in version 3.7.

This module leverages Python’s import system to provide access to resources within packages.

“Resources” are file-like resources associated with a module or package in Python. The resources may be contained directly in a package, within a subdirectory contained in that package, or adjacent to modules outside a package. Resources may be text or binary. As a result, Python module sources (.py) of a package and compilation artifacts (pycache) are technically de-facto resources of that package. In practice, however, resources are primarily those non-Python artifacts exposed specifically by the package author.

Resources can be opened or read in either binary or text mode.

Resources are roughly akin to files inside directories, though it’s important to keep in mind that this is just a metaphor. Resources and packages do not have to exist as physical files and directories on the file system: for example, a package and its resources can be imported from a zip file using `zipimport`.

Note

This module provides functionality similar to pkg_resources Basic Resource Access without the performance overhead of that package. This makes reading resources included in packages easier, with more stable and consistent semantics.

The standalone backport of this module provides more information on using importlib.resources and migrating from pkg_resources to importlib.resources.

`Loaders` that wish to support resource reading should implement a `get_resource_reader(fullname)` method as specified by `importlib.resources.abc.ResourceReader`.

importlib.resources.Anchor

  Represents an anchor for resources, either a `module object` or a module name as a string. Defined as `Union[str, ModuleType]`.

importlib.resources.files(anchor: Optional[Anchor] = None)

  Returns a `Traversable` object representing the resource container (think directory) and its resources (think files). A Traversable may contain other containers (think subdirectories).

  anchor is an optional `Anchor`. If the anchor is a package, resources are resolved from that package. If a module, resources are resolved adjacent to that module (in the same package or the package root). If the anchor is omitted, the caller’s module is used.

  New in version 3.9.

  Changed in version 3.12: “package” parameter was renamed to “anchor”. “anchor” can now be a non-package module and if omitted will default to the caller’s module. “package” is still accepted for compatibility but will raise a DeprecationWarning. Consider passing the anchor positionally or using `importlib_resources >= 5.10` for a compatible interface on older Pythons.

importlib.resources.as_file(traversable)

  Given a `Traversable` object representing a file, typically from `importlib.resources.files()`, return a context manager for use in a `with` statement. The context manager provides a `pathlib.Path` object.

  Exiting the context manager cleans up any temporary file created when the resource was extracted from e.g. a zip file.

  Use `as_file` when the Traversable methods (`read_text`, etc) are insufficient and an actual file on the file system is required.

  New in version 3.9.

# Deprecated functions

An older, deprecated set of functions is still available, but is scheduled for removal in a future version of Python. The main drawback of these functions is that they do not support directories: they assume all resources are located directly within a package.

importlib.resources.Package

  > Whenever a function accepts a `Package` argument, you can pass in either a `module object` or a module name as a string. You can only pass module objects whose `__spec__.submodule_search_locations` is not `None`.

  > The `Package` type is defined as `Union[str, ModuleType]`.

  Deprecated since version 3.12.

importlib.resources.Resource

  For resource arguments of the functions below, you can pass in the name of a resource as a string or a `path-like object`.

  The `Resource` type is defined as `Union[str, os.PathLike]`.

importlib.resources.open_binary(package, resource)

  Open for binary reading the resource within package.

  package is either a name or a module object which conforms to the `Package` requirements. resource is the name of the resource to open within package; it may not contain path separators and it may not have sub-resources (i.e. it cannot be a directory). This function returns a `typing.BinaryIO` instance, a binary I/O stream open for reading.

  Deprecated since version 3.11: Calls to this function can be replaced by:

      files(package).joinpath(resource).open('rb')

importlib.resources.open_text(package, resource, encoding='utf-8', errors='strict')

  Open for text reading the resource within package. By default, the resource is opened for reading as UTF-8.

  package is either a name or a module object which conforms to the `Package` requirements. resource is the name of the resource to open within package; it may not contain path separators and it may not have sub-resources (i.e. it cannot be a directory). encoding and errors have the same meaning as with built-in `open()`.

  This function returns a `typing.TextIO` instance, a text I/O stream open for reading.

  Deprecated since version 3.11: Calls to this function can be replaced by:

      files(package).joinpath(resource).open('r', encoding=encoding)

importlib.resources.read_binary(package, resource)

  Read and return the contents of the resource within package as `bytes`.

  package is either a name or a module object which conforms to the `Package` requirements. resource is the name of the resource to open within package; it may not contain path separators and it may not have sub-resources (i.e. it cannot be a directory). This function returns the contents of the resource as `bytes`.

  Deprecated since version 3.11: Calls to this function can be replaced by:

      files(package).joinpath(resource).read_bytes()

importlib.resources.read_text(package, resource, encoding='utf-8', errors='strict')

  Read and return the contents of resource within package as a `str`. By default, the contents are read as strict UTF-8.

  package is either a name or a module object which conforms to the `Package` requirements. resource is the name of the resource to open within package; it may not contain path separators and it may not have sub-resources (i.e. it cannot be a directory). encoding and errors have the same meaning as with built-in `open()`. This function returns the contents of the resource as `str`.

  Deprecated since version 3.11: Calls to this function can be replaced by:

      files(package).joinpath(resource).read_text(encoding=encoding)

importlib.resources.path(package, resource)

  Return the path to the resource as an actual file system path. This function returns a context manager for use in a `with` statement. The context manager provides a `pathlib.Path` object.

  Exiting the context manager cleans up any temporary file created when the resource needs to be extracted from e.g. a zip file.

  package is either a name or a module object which conforms to the `Package` requirements. resource is the name of the resource to open within package; it may not contain path separators and it may not have sub-resources (i.e. it cannot be a directory).

  Deprecated since version 3.11: Calls to this function can be replaced using `as_file()`:

      as_file(files(package).joinpath(resource))

importlib.resources.is_resource(package, name)

  Return `True` if there is a resource named name in the package, otherwise `False`. This function does not consider directories to be resources. package is either a name or a module object which conforms to the `Package` requirements.

  Deprecated since version 3.11: Calls to this function can be replaced by:

      files(package).joinpath(resource).is_file()

importlib.resources.contents(package)

  Return an iterable over the named items within the package. The iterable returns `str` resources (e.g. files) and non-resources (e.g. directories). The iterable does not recurse into subdirectories.

  package is either a name or a module object which conforms to the `Package` requirements.

  Deprecated since version 3.11: Calls to this function can be replaced by:

      (resource.name for resource in files(package).iterdir() if resource.is_file())