termios — POSIX style tty control

This module provides an interface to the POSIX calls for tty I/O control. For a complete description of these calls, see termios(3) Unix manual page. It is only available for those Unix versions that support POSIX termios style tty I/O control configured during installation.

Availability: Unix.

All functions in this module take a file descriptor fd as their first argument. This can be an integer file descriptor, such as returned by sys.stdin.fileno(), or a file object, such as sys.stdin itself.

This module also defines all the constants needed to work with the functions provided here; these have the same name as their counterparts in C. Please refer to your system documentation for more information on using these terminal control interfaces.

The module defines the following functions:

termios.tcgetattr(fd)

Return a list containing the tty attributes for file descriptor fd, as follows: [iflag, oflag, cflag, lflag, ispeed, ospeed, cc] where cc is a list of the tty special characters (each a string of length 1, except the items with indices VMIN and VTIME, which are integers when these fields are defined). The interpretation of the flags and the speeds as well as the indexing in the cc array must be done using the symbolic constants defined in the termios module.

termios.tcsetattr(fd, when, attributes)

Set the tty attributes for file descriptor fd from the attributes, which is a list like the one returned by tcgetattr(). The when argument determines when the attributes are changed:

termios.TCSANOW

Change attributes immediately.

termios.TCSADRAIN

Change attributes after transmitting all queued output.

termios.TCSAFLUSH

Change attributes after transmitting all queued output and discarding all queued input.

termios.tcsendbreak(fd, duration)

Send a break on file descriptor fd. A zero duration sends a break for 0.25–0.5 seconds; a nonzero duration has a system dependent meaning.

termios.tcdrain(fd)

Wait until all output written to file descriptor fd has been transmitted.

termios.tcflush(fd, queue)

Discard queued data on file descriptor fd. The queue selector specifies which queue: TCIFLUSH for the input queue, TCOFLUSH for the output queue, or TCIOFLUSH for both queues.

termios.tcflow(fd, action)

Suspend or resume input or output on file descriptor fd. The action argument can be TCOOFF to suspend output, TCOON to restart output, TCIOFF to suspend input, or TCION to restart input.

termios.tcgetwinsize(fd)

Return a tuple (ws_row, ws_col) containing the tty window size for file descriptor fd. Requires termios.TIOCGWINSZ or termios.TIOCGSIZE.

New in version 3.11.

termios.tcsetwinsize(fd, winsize)

Set the tty window size for file descriptor fd from winsize, which is a two-item tuple (ws_row, ws_col) like the one returned by tcgetwinsize(). Requires at least one of the pairs (termios.TIOCGWINSZ, termios.TIOCSWINSZ); (termios.TIOCGSIZE, termios.TIOCSSIZE) to be defined.

New in version 3.11.

See also

Module tty

Convenience functions for common terminal control operations.

Example

Here’s a function that prompts for a password with echoing turned off. Note the technique using a separate tcgetattr() call and a try … finally statement to ensure that the old tty attributes are restored exactly no matter what happens:

def getpass(prompt="Password: "):
    import termios, sys
    fd = sys.stdin.fileno()
    old = termios.tcgetattr(fd)
    new = termios.tcgetattr(fd)
    new[3] = new[3] & ~termios.ECHO          # lflags
    try:
        termios.tcsetattr(fd, termios.TCSADRAIN, new)
        passwd = input(prompt)
    finally:
        termios.tcsetattr(fd, termios.TCSADRAIN, old)
    return passwd